How
Odisha became poorest state of India? Why odisha is poorest state of India?
2025
Introduction to poor economy of Odisha
Odisha is the poorest state of India though it is full of
natural resources. The resources like fertile soil, sweet water, abundant
forest, mine, maritime, hill and mountain, solar energy etc. are the basis of
state economy. Many industries such as tourism, infrastructure, and production
and service sectors are also the part of it. Still the state remains backward
since ancient time though it is a part of independent India for last 78 years.
Indication
of poverty and poorness of Odisha
1. Low per capita income: Per capita
income in Odisha is below than national average per capita income. It is far
away from per capita income of Maharashtra and Karnataka. It is the main
indication of poverty of the state.
2. Unemployment status: Lack of industries
results less numbers of job opportunity. Number of unemployed is very high due
to seasonal appointment in farming sector as well. Contractual basis
appointment in govt. sector is another example of poverty.
3. Migrating Labors: Millions of young and aged rush towards developed states as well as abroad for earning because there is no large scale appointment facility in any sector of Odisha. The labors have to work with small wages under pressure is a pathetic sign of poverty of this state.
4. State’s liability: The liability of the
state on each civilian is very high and hectic.
5. Lack of Industry: Lack of industries is
one of the major sign of down economy of the state that leads to remain poor.
Basically it shows the failure of government regarding business and trade.
Hence unemployment situation remains as usual.
6. Living status: 70% of total population
lives in uncertain life style. Because the income is not stable and sufficient
to fulfill even basic need of life. The gap between rich and poor is clearly
reflecting in society.
7. Public health challenge: Peoples are deprived of adequate facility regarding health issues. The state is still facing lack of efficient doctors, modern machineries and well equipped medicals. Patients have to depend on other state hospitals for major and critical health issue too. The insufficient number of medical proportionate to population indicates how poor the state is.
8. Education sector: The education of this
state is traditional type. Which is good to obtain good marks only but not
practically applicable. Hence students unable to tackle the challenges of the
real life. Though some schools are modernized in the name of smart school but
in vain for providing effective education. Also those smart schools could not
continue for long.
9. Poverty rate: A substantial portion of the society lives in village and rural area that are still remaining in below poverty line. Especially tribal people are deprived of adequate basic facilities.
10. Dependency on primary sector: Maximum
people depend on farming which is seasonal. And vulnerable to uncertain climate
and natural calamities like cyclone, flood, drought etc. Seasonal unemployment
is another headache of poverty. As there is no other major option for earning
except agriculture, people have to engage in it forcefully.
11. Inadequate infrastructure: Inadequate
infrastructure like road, light, clean water, sanitation and many more hindrance
in development of rural as well as small town areas.
12. Expenditure capacity: The expenditure
capacity is very low compared to other developed states of India. It is also
less than national average expenditure of individual.
13. No government vocational training center: Lack of vocational training and education is another negative aspect of this state. It downgrades youth’s skill and ability to achieve highest position in life.
Factors behind poorness of Odisha
Poverty in Odisha is influenced by a combination of
social, economic, environmental and historical factors etc. Some key factors
are given below for better understanding.
Economic Factor:
A significant portion of population depends on
agriculture. Agriculture in Odisha is highly vulnerable
to frequent climate change. The farmers still follow traditional method of
farming as well as not acquainted with new methods. More over the present
generation won’t like to work in land rather than going to do job in other
state for hard money. Lack of industry is
another prominent cause of poverty in Odisha. Due to political disturbance many
companies tried to set up their company in the state but could not succeed. It
is the biggest failure of government to provide jobs.
Social Factor:
Schedule cast and schedule tribe is a major portion of the society but they are deprived of many basic facilities as others get. This is due to superstitious feeling among people. Hence they can’t avail publicly proper education, medical facility, and accessing to market etc. Low literacy rate among SC and ST leads to diminish the economy of society. Malnutrition and limited health care generate inefficient human resource. Sufficient practical and applicable education is not in prevalent which could transform poverty into developing state.
Environmental Factor:
Natural disaster in Odisha is one of the most critical
factor that break downs the back bone of its economy. The state is prone to
cyclone, flood and drought frequently. Such natural disaster devastates crops
and properties. Affected families face instability in livelihood and earning. Deforestation and environmental degradation in mining
area affects productivity of crops, creates imbalance in financial condition.
Government Policy Gap:
Corruption in government of Odisha is very high. There is full of
significant natural resources like mining. But these resources are not equally
distributed all over the state because of corruption. Corrupted officers never
take right steps to develop its economy. Also unfit candidates are appointed in
government job by offering bribe. So their inefficiency brings down the
financial condition of the state. Ultimately the narrow mindset of government
personals downgrades the economy of this state badly.
Cultural Factor:
Single income to meet large families demand is very difficult. Due to illiteracy many SC, ST and tribals have no family planinig at all. Hence they face poverty strike throughout the life. Entrepreneurial activities are also very low which could be the best option of earning. Women are still restricted to do jobs and business in some families is another cause of poorness. Women are not equally treated like boys in all fields.
Conclusion
Illiteracy is the prominent cause behind the poverty of
Odisha. Moreover ineffective government policy and implementing strategies is
another strong reason for it. Thirdly people of odisha are mostly fund of
spiritualism rather than being entrepreneur. Last but not least the natures
devastate obstacles development of the state.
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